• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for reprofiling rails (2) of railway tracks, comprising machining a surface 5 of this rail (2) intended to come into contact with the wheels of a railway vehicle. This method is distinguished in that this machining by laser beams is carried out by moving, at a controlled speed axially to the rail (2) and at a determined distance with respect to said surface (5) to be machined of the rail (2), a defined number laser beam heads extending transversely to the rail (2) to cover said surface (5) to be machined. The invention also relates to a device for implementing this method and to a railway vehicle equipped with at least one such reprofiling device.
    公开号:CH716776A2
    申请号:CH01411/19
    申请日:2019-11-08
    公开日:2021-05-14
    发明作者:Tazi-Riffi Amine；El Quazzani Yassine
    申请人:Amine Tazi Riffi；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a method of reprofiling railroad tracks, a reprofiling device for the implementation of this method and a rail vehicle equipped with at least one such reprofiling device.
    The present invention relates to the field of the reprofiling of rail tracks, whether it is traditional or high-speed railway lines, subway or tram lines or specific railways, such than those found on industrial sites, mineral exploitation, aeronautical or port ports, etc ...
    [0003] It is already customary to reshape the rails of railways, in particular to limit the nuisances and impacts caused by a poorly profiled rail. This reprofiling can take place in a curative, preventive or cyclical manner.
    [0004] Indeed, it has been noted that at the successive passage of trains, subways, trams or any other vehicle brought to circulate on these tracks, the running surface of the rails, namely the surface in contact with said vehicles, can be marked by various impacts, for example from ballasts, in addition to the subsequent matting and its possible consequences, such as the formation of longitudinal undulations or a chipping effect, also called "head check", or even cracking .
    [0005] This damage to the rails, if they are not corrected quickly or treated in a preventive and / or cyclical manner, tend to worsen to the point of being able to represent a danger for the users of these railways.
    These various degradations are, in fact, a source of vibration and have the consequence, not only of increasing the effect of fatigue and aging of the rail, but also of damaging the tracks themselves, in particular the sleepers. , the fasteners of the rails on the latter and the ballasts. These vibrations are also damaging to the surrounding infrastructure.
    [0007] In addition, the poor surface condition of the rails can be accompanied by noise pollution when trains pass, a phenomenon to which the operators of railway, tram, metro or other lines are forced to limit the importance, thanks to regular maintenance of the rails.
    [0008] There are now various techniques for reprofiling these rail tracks.
    [0009] The most common solution consists in carrying out a grinding of the rails, one of the problems of which is that it generates incandescent metal particles, which are regularly the cause of fires. Indeed, the accumulation of these incandescent metal particles, in particular on the structure of the rail vehicle equipped with suitable reprofiling means, creates incandescent slag. These, by falling on the tracks, can be sources of fires and damage directly on the tracks or on other mechanical or electrotechnical parts which equip them.
    [0010] In addition to the incandescent particles, the grinding operations generate large quantities of dust requiring the reprofiling trains to be fitted with suitable suction means downstream of the grinding tools. However, it is not possible to avoid the deposition of dust and slag on the reprofiling tools, which requires very frequent cleaning operations thereof as well as of the installations near the railway tracks. Thus, when this reprofiling takes place in tunnels, it may even be necessary to extend this cleaning to the catenaries on which this dust is deposited.
    [0011] It should also be noted that railway vehicles or grinding trains equipped with such grinding systems are necessarily equipped with anti-fire systems to alleviate, as far as possible, the significant risk of fire incurred during reprofiling operations of rails. Such fire-fighting systems are generally in the form of suitable sprinkling systems, allowing preventive sprinkling upstream and / or downstream of the grinding, in order to limit the start of fires and various damage.
    In all cases, this reprofiling solution by grinding imposes daily and tedious maintenance of the grinding trains, not only for the replacement of worn grinding wheels, but also for carrying out a systematic cleaning of the reprofiling tools.
    A second technical solution more recently implemented to ensure the reprofiling of the rails of railways, is that of milling which makes it possible to remedy the problem of production of sparks and fine volatile particles and consequently, to that of incandescent slag generating fires.
    However, the milling producing ridges on the reprofiled running surface of the rail, ridges which may extend transversely to the longitudinal axis of this rail, a finishing operation may be required downstream of the milling. This finish generally consisting of a suitable grinding, it can induce a production of sparks, dust and slag, even if it is in less quantity than with a grinding train.
    [0015] Furthermore, the milling is carried out by means of milling heads with multiple machining inserts, the profile of which is adapted to the machining operation carried out. For this reason, the choice of milling tools determines the profile of the running surface of the rail after reprofiling, a profile called the target profile below.
    [0016] Consequently, if one wishes to modify this target profile, in particular according to the nature of the wear or the deformation of a rail, this can only be obtained by changing the milling tools. It is therefore necessary to stop the reprofiling operation to make this change, then to restart it to give the rail the new target profile resulting from the replacement milling tools.
    [0017] Here again, maintenance operations prove daily and tedious are necessary, in particular for the replacement of the multiple plates on each of the machining heads.
    It is within the framework of a first inventive step that the shallow depth of material removal resulting from these rail reprofiling operations has been taken into account. Thus, during preventive maintenance, which is the most frequently implemented, the material removal is of the order of approximately 0.3 mm, while it reaches 1, 2 or even 3 mm or more during 'curative maintenance of the rail.
    It is within the framework of a second inventive step that we reconsidered the type of tool suitable for ensuring such removal of material on a surface of about 70 mm to 100 mm wide, on the head head of the rail, slightly more on the inside of the track than on the outside.
    Thus, according to the invention, it was imagined to achieve this reprofiling by contiguous digging of a plurality of grooves to the desired depth, this by means of laser rays and more particularly still, laser rays under water jet.
    If a conventional laser machining process makes it possible to obtain good results, these conventional lasers are however spark generators. In addition, they must respect a very precise distance from the surface to be machined according to their focal point, a distance which must be kept constant for a certain machining depth, and therefore, a material removal corresponding to a precise instruction. .
    The preferred solution of a laser beam reprofiling process with water jet advantageously overcomes these drawbacks by preferentially meeting the objective of the invention.
    [0023] Thus, the invention relates to a process for reprofiling railway tracks consisting in machining a surface of this rail intended to come into contact with the wheels of a railway vehicle, characterized in that this machining is carried out by laser beams by moving, at a controlled speed axially to the rail and at a determined distance with respect to said surface to be machined of the rail, a defined number of laser beam heads extending transversely to the rail in order to cover said surface to be machined.
    Even more advantageously, this machining is carried out by means of laser beam heads with water jet.
    The invention also relates to a rail reprofiling device suitable for equipping a rail vehicle, characterized in that it comprises at least one support comprising means for fixing and connecting, in particular electrical, to said vehicle and equipped with a plurality of laser beam heads configured to extend transversely to a rail to be machined, said device further comprising means for adjusting the position called laser beam heads.
    The invention also relates to a railway vehicle equipped with at least one such reprofiling device.
    The essential advantages resulting from the present invention consist in that a reprofiling by laser beams and more particularly by laser beams with water jet, makes it possible to overcome all the drawbacks resulting from grinding or milling techniques. existing.
    Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the description which follows and which relates to an exemplary embodiment.
    The understanding of this description will be facilitated by referring to the accompanying drawings in which:Figure 1 is a schematic and sectional representation of a railway track,FIG. 2 illustrates the action of a laser beam with a water jet in comparison to that of a traditional laser beam propagating in the air;FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the machining action of a laser beam on the surface of a rail to be reprofiled,FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the action of a plurality of lasers of a reprofiling device according to the invention on the surface of a rail to be taken up,FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of such a reprofiling device according to the invention,FIG. 6 is an illustration of a railway vehicle equipped with at least one reprofiling device according to the invention.
    The present invention relates to a method and a device 1 for reprofiling railway tracks.
    As illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings, showing a sectional view of a rail 2 having in its upper part 3 a mushroom shape, the reprofiling action is to machine this upper part 3 on a surface 5 extending more on the inner side 6 of this rail 2, oriented towards the inside of the track, than with respect to the side 7 outside with respect to this track.
    If we take as a frame of reference a vertical normal N relative to this surface 5 in the upper part 3 of the rail 2, the reprofiling extends substantially, from the inside 6, until the normal to this surface 5 forms an angle of approximately -70 ° and an angle of approximately + 15 ° on the exterior side 7 with respect to this vertical normal N.
    It should however be noted that the method and the reprofiling device according to the invention can be implemented to reprofile a surface 5 of rail 2 extending more or less beyond or below the ranges indicated above. Consequently, the present invention is in no way limited to the reprofiling of a specific surface.
    Finally, this surface 5 to be reprofiled of the rail 2 is that which usually comes into contact with the wheels of railway vehicles coming to move on this rail 2.
    The reprofiling process according to the invention consisting in reprofiling, by removing a layer of material, this surface 5, is distinguished in that a machining by laser beams is carried out, this by moving, at a controlled speed axially 8 to the rail 2 and at a distance 9 defined with respect to said surface 5, several laser beam heads 10 to cover the surface 5 to be reprofiled.
    More particularly advantageously to the invention, this machining is carried out by means of laser beam heads 10 under water jet.
    The advantages resulting from this technology consist in that beyond the focal point 11 of the laser beam, the water surrounding the beam forms, like a reflection sheath, a guide to the laser beam avoiding its divergence beyond of this focal point 11, as can be seen in figure 2.
    It follows that if a traditional laser has a useful working area 12 around the focal point 11 very limited, this working area 12 is considerably extended for a laser under water jet.
    In addition, it should also be remembered that the focal point 11 of a traditional laser is very close to the nozzle 13 for emitting laser rays.
    In short, the machining by means of a conventional laser beam head requires a reduced machining depth and compliance with a strict distance from the nozzle 13 of this laser beam head 10 relative to the surface 5 to reprofile.
    The use of a laser beam head 10 with water jet has the advantage of providing more flexibility in the context of this reprofiling operation, whether in terms of machining depth, distance d implantation 9 of the laser beam heads 10 relative to the surface 5 of the rail 2, while providing a better machining quality.
    In particular, thanks to a beam 14 of linear laser beam and very little diverging, the laser under water jet makes it possible to produce, as visible in FIG. 3, a regular groove 15 at the level of the surface 5 of the rail 2. By using a plurality of laser beam heads 10 under water jet, it is possible to obtain a controlled machining over the entire width of this surface 5, by juxtaposing grooves 15 until reaching the point. desired machining width 16.
    In addition, a significant advantage of such a laser beam machining under water jet consists in that the water limits that the molten particles removed by the laser beam come to be redeposited on the surface 5 of the rail 2 in altering it. Furthermore, the water contributes, at least in part, to the entrainment of the particles collected towards the ground, while cooling them and limiting the formation of slag. The risks of deterioration of electrical or mechanical equipment near the rail 2, but also of fire are, in fact, reduced by this absence of slag.
    It should be noted that by significantly limiting the diffusion of fine particles, the maintenance of reprofiling tools is equally significantly reduced. Indeed, only a minimum cleaning is necessary compared to the solutions of the state of the art, in particular to grinding.
    The invention also relates to a device 1 for implementing the method of reprofiling rails according to the invention which, as shown schematically in FIG. 6, is suitable for equipping a vehicle 17 for railways. This vehicle 17 can be likened to a train and can receive several devices 1 according to the invention, in particular for the reprofiling of each of the rails of a track.
    Thus, such a device 1 for reprofiling rails 2 according to the invention comprises a support 18, which is advantageously equipped with means for fixing and connecting to said vehicle 17. Said connection means preferably comprise electrical connection means and / or by optical fiber laser beam heads 10, or even, in water if these laser beam heads 10 operate under water jet.
    As for the electrical connection means, they may include means for supplying electrical energy to the laser beam heads 10, or even means for adjusting the position of the latter, as will appear further on from the description. or else means of connection to a control unit 19 which the device 1 according to the invention comprises.
    In particular, this control unit 19 can be deported and installed in a suitable control station in the vehicle 17.
    Particularly to the invention, the reprofiling device 1 comprises a plurality of laser beam heads 10 configured to extend transversely to a rail 2 to be machined, knowing that this device 1 also comprises adjustment means in position of said laser beam heads 10 to adjust their position relative to this rail 2 to be machined, more particularly the surface 5 of this rail 2.
    According to the invention, these adjustment means can be defined by an adjustment device associated with each laser beam head 10 and / or with each group 21, 22 of laser beam heads. In this way, it is possible to act either individually on each head 10, or simultaneously on a group 21, 22 of laser beam heads 10. Thus a group 21, 22 can be composed of two laser beam heads 10 or more.
    In particular, a group 21 of laser beam heads 10 can be defined to machine an area 23 of determined width of the surface 5 to be machined.
    Advantageously, two juxtaposed laser beam heads 10 are offset axially from the rail 2 so that side-by-side and simultaneous machining of two grooves 15 does not take place.
    Thus, the machining of such a groove 15 is not immediately influenced by the machining of another groove 15 produced just next to it.
    Preferably this axial offset of the laser beam heads 10 is found between those composing a group 21, 22 or between two heads of two adjacent groups.
    If the groups 21, 22 of laser beam heads 10 can be, themselves, immediately juxtaposed, as long as a laser beam head 10 of a group 21 does not act, for the machining of a groove 15, immediately adjacent to the laser beam head 10 of another group 22, these groups 21, 22 may themselves be axially offset in pairs.
    Note also that the adjustment means may include indexing means 24 on the rail 2. Such indexing means 24, mechanical and / or electrical are defined to transmit by means of adjustments, either directly or through one control unit 19, information for the positional adjustment of the laser beam heads 10 by said adjustment means.
    As already explained above, the advantages resulting from the present invention are numerous. In particular, this invention makes it possible to ensure the reprofiling of the rail at a lower production cost, a reduced risk of fire, reduced dust and simplified and less frequent maintenance.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    1. A method of reprofiling rails 2 of railway tracks consisting in machining a surface 5 of this rail 2 intended to come into contact with the wheels of a railway vehicle, characterized in that this machining is carried out by laser beams by moving , at a speed controlled axially to the rail 2 and at a determined distance with respect to said surface 5 to be machined of the rail 2, a defined number of laser beam heads 10 extending transversely to the rail 2 in order to cover said surface 5 to be machined.
    [2]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that this machining is carried out by means of laser beam heads with water jet.
    [3]
    3. Device for reprofiling rails suitable for equipping a rail vehicle 17 for implementing the method according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one support 18 comprising fixing and connection means, in particular electrical, said vehicle 17 and equipped with a plurality of laser beam heads 10 configured to extend transversely to a rail 2 to be machined, said device 1 further comprising means for adjusting the position of said laser beam heads 10.
    [4]
    4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises laser beam heads, all or part of which are with water jet
    [5]
    5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that said connection means comprise electrical connection means and connection means to a water supply for supplying the laser beam heads under water jet 10.
    [6]
    6. Device according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the electrical connection means comprise means for supplying electrical energy to the laser beam heads 10 and means for adjusting the position of the latter.
    [7]
    7. Device according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a control unit 19, in particular installed in a suitable control station in the vehicle 17.
    [8]
    8. Device according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the adjustment means comprise an adjustment device associated with each laser beam head 10 and / or with each group 21, 22 comprising at least two beam heads. laser 10 and defined to machine an area 23 of determined width of the surface 5 to be machined.
    [9]
    9. Device according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the adjustment means comprise mechanical and / or electrical indexing means 24 for transmitting to the adjustment means, either directly or through one. control unit 19, information for the positional adjustment of the laser beam heads 10 by said adjustment means.
    [10]
    10. Device according to one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that a laser beam head 10 is offset axially to the rail 2 relative to another laser beam head 10 juxtaposed.
    [11]
    11. Rail vehicle characterized in that it is equipped with at least one reprofiling device according to any one of claims 3 to 10.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CH716776A8|2021-07-15|
    WO2021089668A1|2021-05-14|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB8626051D0|1986-10-31|1986-12-03|Seguin H J J|Laser surface hardening of rails|
    DE202005011968U1|2005-07-27|2006-01-05|Schörling-Brock GmbH|Irregularities e.g. chatter marks, removal device for running surfaces of rails, has portable laser system mounted on operating carriage for removal of material and smoothening of running surfaces of rails|
    CN101798789B|2010-02-10|2011-11-30|华中科技大学|Mobile-type laser processing device for on-line processing surface of steel rail|
    US10767318B2|2016-02-12|2020-09-08|Holland, L.P.|Robotically-controlled laser cladding process for repair of worn and/or damaged railway structures|
    CN106988175B|2017-03-22|2018-09-07|武汉新瑞达激光工程有限责任公司|A kind of online rail laser processing vehicle|
    法律状态:
    2021-06-15| PK| Correction|Free format text: RECTIFICATION INVENTEUR |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH01411/19A|CH716776A8|2019-11-08|2019-11-08|Method, device and railway vehicle for reprofiling railway tracks.|CH01411/19A| CH716776A8|2019-11-08|2019-11-08|Method, device and railway vehicle for reprofiling railway tracks.|
    PCT/EP2020/081049| WO2021089668A1|2019-11-08|2020-11-05|Method, device and rail vehicle for reprofiling railroad rail|
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